Physical Sciences
[Abbr: Acd. Jr. AJPSc]Basalt Rock Fiber: New Approach in Concrete Strength
by Manjeet Singh
Concrete is a fundamental unit of the construction which is used in formation of building, marine construction and so on. The demand of those materials that can provide the high strength to the construction. Different types of fibers are added in particular amount in the concrete by which the mechanical properties, durability and serviceability of the structure are improved. The most important properties of Fiber Reinforcement Concrete is the resistance to cracking and crack propagation. Fibrous materials are contained by fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) that increase the structural integrity. Various types of fibers i.e., steel, glass fibers, natural fibers and synthetic fiber are used which provide varying properties to the concrete. Still, steel is used for the construction as constituent of concrete but it is very heavy material that increase the weight of concrete. Another drawback, it gets corrode easily within a short period of time. In the recent time, Civil engineering has found solution to overcome this problem by the use of basalt fiber that replace the steel, glass fiber and carbon fiber because of their properties. This paper study about Basalt fiber with its properties that make it a suitable material for the concrete. Basalt fiber has many application, discussed in this paper. Keywords: Concrete, Basalt Fiber, Fiber Reinforcement Concrete, Mechanical Properties
Trends in Optical Fibre Communication
by Prashant Mishra
In modern development communication becomes the most important part of human life. The process of communication involves the generation of information, broadcasting, reception and then interpretation. Fibre optics is the most vital media transmission system for the overall broadband system. The capacity of transmission of wide data for long range is the main requirement in present days. To transmit light signals over long distance thousands of optical fibers are arranged in bundles in optical cables. By using the system of fibre optics the supreme transmission bandwidth with insignificant latency are provided to the telecommunication networks which the main requirement for the system. Fibre Optical system has many advantages still scientist are working in this fields for more development and remove the challenges. The new type of optical fibre are able to provide bandwidth which is 21 times more than the current available network. This paper provide overview of fiber optic communication systems in which from evolutions of fibre optics system to future trends all are discussed. Keywords: Optics, Communication, Transmission, Future Trends
Extraction Methods for Biomass Energy
by Neeta Das
Biomass energy or bioenergy comprises any electric power; or any solid, liquid or gaseous fuel; or any other useful chemical product that is a derivative of an organic matter, be it directly from plant or indirectly from plant-derived commercial, urban, or industrial wastes, agricultural and forestry residues. In recent years, one of the most encouraging renewable energy technology is biomass energy which is increasing attention all over the world. For power generation, biomass is used globally as a bioenergy resource worldwide. In this paper, discuss the biomass, biomass as a renewable energy source, technologies for extracting power from biomass and conversion of biomass into energy. This conversion biomass is broadly divided into four categories which include Agrochemical, Biochemical, Physical and Thermochemical. In which thermochemical contain the extracting methods such as pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion to methane, combustion, liquefaction, and gasification. Keywords: Biomass Energy, Gasification, Combustion
Crystallography and Its Role in Drug Design
by Pallavi Joshi
Functions and structure are intimately related with each other. The area of bioactive molecules is less important than this. It is noticed that, the chirality of the enzyme is openly linked to the enantio-selectivity. An absolute configuration of a molecule can be determined by the X-ray crystallography method and also a comprehensive technique for the determination of arrangement of any molecule at an atomic resolution. An unequivocal, precise, and consistent 3-dimensional structural factors are provided by the outcomes from X-ray crystallographic learnings, which also acts as requirements for rational drug design and arrangement based purposeful learnings. Elucidation of 3D structures by the impact of X-ray crystallography on the efforts to fight diseases is discussed in this paper. It is also discussed about the role of crystallography in structure based drug designing and its role in healthcare. Keywords: Structure, X-ray diffraction, Absolute Configuration
Papercrete: A Partial Replacement of Concrete Ingredients
by Ritu Sarkar
Along with the sources such as deforestation and burning of fossils fuels, cement manufacturing industry is one of the chief sources to release carbon dioxide. In earth atmosphere, 7% of green-house gas emission is contributed only by the global cement industry. There is a need to develop substitute binders to reduce the environmental effects related with cement manufacturing and consuming natural assets constantly and also for making the concrete industry justifiable. For preparing concrete just like other materials such as GGBS, Rice Husk, Glass Powder, Fly ash, Phospogypsum etc., paper sludge ash is considered as the alternative binding material and also have great impact on the environment. To develop cost-effective building materials from paper sludge ash is the most important to comfort environmental effect and to produce low cost concrete. Portland cement is partially replace by the papercrete which is considered as new composite material prepared by the waste papers. This papercrete not only reduce the amount of cement but also works as the environment friendly buildings materials. This study presents the impacts of paper sludge made papercrete on the environment and its preparation. Keywords: Paper Sludge, Cement, Environment Pollution, Papercrete